Illustrative textures, such as stippling or hatching, were predominantly used as an alternative to conventional Phong rendering. Recently, the potential of encoding information on surfaces or maps using different densities has also been recognized. This has the significant advantage that additional color can be used as another visual channel and the illustrative textures can then be overlaid. Effectively, it is thus possible to display multiple information, such as two different scalar fields on surfaces simultaneously. In previous work, these textures were manually generated and the choice of density was unempirically determined. Here, we first want to determine and understand the perceptual space of illustrative textures. We chose a succession of simplices with increasing dimensions as primitives for our textures: Dots, lines, and triangles. Thus, we explore the texture types of stippling, hatching, and triangles. We create a range of textures by sampling the density space uniformly. Then, we conduct three perceptual studies in which the participants performed pairwise comparisons for each texture type. We use multidimensional scaling (MDS) to analyze the perceptual spaces per category. The perception of stippling and triangles seems relatively similar. Both are adequately described by a 1D manifold in 2D space. The perceptual space of hatching consists of two main clusters: Crosshatched textures, and textures with only one hatching direction. However, the perception of hatching textures with only one hatching direction is similar to the perception of stippling and triangles. Based on our findings, we construct perceptually uniform illustrative textures. Afterwards, we provide concrete application examples for the constructed textures.

翻译：示意性纹理（如点画或影线）主要被用作传统冯氏渲染的替代方案。近年来，人们也认识到利用不同密度在表面或地图上编码信息的潜力。这具有显著优势：附加颜色可作为另一视觉通道，示意性纹理可叠加其上。实际上，这能够同时显示多种信息，例如在曲面上显示两个不同的标量场。在以往工作中，这些纹理是手动生成的，且密度的选择缺乏经验依据。本文首先旨在确定并理解示意性纹理的感知空间。我们选择一系列维度递增的单纯形作为纹理基元：点、线、三角形。由此，我们探索了点画、影线和三角形三种纹理类型。通过均匀采样密度空间，生成了一系列纹理。随后，我们进行了三项感知研究，参与者对每种纹理类型进行成对比较。我们采用多维尺度分析（MDS）分析每类纹理的感知空间。点画和三角形的感知似乎相对相似，两者均适合用二维空间中的一维流形描述。影线的感知空间包含两个主要聚类：交叉影线纹理和仅含单一影线方向的纹理。然而，仅含单一影线方向的影线纹理的感知与点画及三角形的感知相似。基于上述发现，我们构建了感知均匀的示意性纹理，并给出了所构建纹理的具体应用示例。