The rapid growth of decentralized digital currencies, enabled by blockchain technology, has ushered in a new era of peer-to-peer transactions, revolutionizing the global economy. Cryptocurrency wallets, serving as crucial endpoints for these transactions, have become increasingly prevalent. However, the escalating value and usage of these wallets also expose them to significant security risks and challenges. This research aims to comprehensively explore the security aspects of cryptocurrency wallets. It provides a taxonomy of wallet types, analyzes their design and implementation, identifies common vulnerabilities and attacks, and discusses defense mechanisms and mitigation strategies. The taxonomy covers custodial, non-custodial, hot, and cold wallets, highlighting their unique characteristics and associated security considerations. The security analysis scrutinizes the theoretical and practical aspects of wallet design, while assessing the efficacy of existing security measures and protocols. Notable wallet attacks, such as Binance, Mt. Gox are examined to understand their causes and consequences. Furthermore, the paper surveys defense mechanisms, transaction monitoring, evaluating their effectiveness in mitigating threats.

翻译：去中心化数字货币在区块链技术的推动下迅速崛起，开启了点对点交易的新纪元，深刻变革了全球经济格局。作为这些交易的核心终端，加密货币钱包的应用日益普及。然而，其价值的持续增长和广泛使用也使其面临严峻的安全风险与挑战。本研究旨在全面探讨加密货币钱包的安全问题，提出了钱包类型的分类体系，分析了其设计与实现原理，识别了常见漏洞与攻击方式，并讨论了防御机制与缓解策略。该分类涵盖了托管钱包、非托管钱包、热钱包和冷钱包，重点阐述了各类钱包的独有特征及其相关的安全考量。安全分析部分从理论与实践维度审视了钱包设计，并评估了现有安全措施与协议的有效性。通过对币安、Mt. Gox等典型钱包攻击事件的分析，揭示了其成因与影响。此外，本文还调研了防御机制与交易监控手段，评估了其在缓解威胁方面的有效性。