With the rapid advancement of information technology, the complexity of applications continues to increase, and the cybersecurity challenges we face are also escalating. This paper aims to investigate the methods and practices of system security penetration testing, exploring how to enhance system security through systematic penetration testing processes and technical approaches. It also examines existing penetration tools, analyzing their strengths, weaknesses, and applicable domains to guide penetration testers in tool selection. Furthermore, based on the penetration testing process outlined in this paper, appropriate tools are selected to replicate attack processes using target ranges and target machines. Finally, through practical case analysis, lessons learned from successful attacks are summarized to inform future research.

翻译：随着信息技术的快速发展，应用程序的复杂性不断增加，我们面临的网络安全挑战也在不断升级。本文旨在研究系统安全渗透测试的方法与实践，探讨如何通过系统化的渗透测试流程与技术手段提升系统安全性。文章同时考察现有渗透测试工具，分析其优势、不足及适用领域，以指导渗透测试人员进行工具选择。此外，基于本文提出的渗透测试流程，选取合适工具，利用靶场与靶机复现攻击过程。最后，通过实际案例分析，总结成功攻击的经验教训，为后续研究提供参考。