Vehicular platooning refers to coordinated and close movement of vehicular users (VUs) traveling together along a common route segment, offering strategic benefits such as reduced fuel costs, lower emissions, and improved traffic flow. {Highways offer a natural setting for platooning due to extended travel distances, yet their potential remains underexplored, particularly in terms of communication and connectivity. Given that effective platooning relies on robust vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) links, understanding connectivity dynamics on highways is essential.} In this paper, we analyze the dynamics of vehicular platooning on a highway and its impact on the performance of two forms of vehicular communications -- namely V2V and V2I communication -- compared to independent vehicle movement on a highway. The vehicular networks consists of road-side units (RSUs), modeled as a 1D Poisson point process (PPP), to provide the vehicular connectivity to the VUs. VUs are modeled as 1D PPP under the non-platooned traffic scenario (N-PTS) and as a 1D Matern cluster process (MCP) under the platooned traffic scenario (PTS). We evaluate the distribution on the per-RSU load, representing the number of VUs served, for the typical and tagged RSU. Additionally, we derive coverage probability (CP) and rate coverage (RC), which measures the probability of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and achievable rate above a specified threshold at the typical VU along with their meta distribution (MD), providing a deeper understanding of the reliability and variability of these metrics across different spatial distributions of VUs and RSUs. Finally, we validate our theoretical findings through simulations and provide numerical insights into the impact of different traffic patterns on RSU load distribution, CP, and RC performance.

翻译：车辆编队指车辆用户沿共同路线段协调紧密行驶，具有降低燃油成本、减少排放和改善交通流等战略优势。{高速公路因其长距离行驶特性成为编队的天然场景，但其潜力尤其在通信与连接性方面尚未得到充分探索。鉴于有效编队依赖于稳健的车对车与车对基础设施链路，理解高速公路上的连接动态至关重要。}本文分析了高速公路车辆编队动态及其对两种车辆通信形式——即V2V与V2I通信——性能的影响，并与高速公路独立车辆行驶进行对比。车辆网络由路侧单元组成，建模为一维泊松点过程以提供车辆连接性。在非编队交通场景中，车辆用户建模为一维PPP；在编队交通场景中则建模为一维Matern聚类过程。我们评估了典型与标记RSU的单元负载分布（即所服务车辆用户数量）。此外推导了覆盖概率与速率覆盖——分别度量典型车辆用户的信干噪比和可达速率超过指定阈值的概率——及其元分布，从而更深入理解这些指标在不同车辆用户与RSU空间分布下的可靠性与变异性。最后通过仿真验证理论发现，并就不同交通模式对RSU负载分布、覆盖概率及速率覆盖性能的影响提供数值分析。