ChatGPT is a conversational agent built on a large language model. Trained on a significant portion of human output, ChatGPT can mimic people to a degree. As such, we need to consider what social identities ChatGPT simulates (or can be designed to simulate). In this study, we explored the case of identity simulation through Japanese first-person pronouns, which are tightly connected to social identities in intersectional ways, i.e., intersectional pronouns. We conducted a controlled online experiment where people from two regions in Japan (Kanto and Kinki) witnessed interactions with ChatGPT using ten sets of first-person pronouns. We discovered that pronouns alone can evoke perceptions of social identities in ChatGPT at the intersections of gender, age, region, and formality, with caveats. This work highlights the importance of pronoun use for social identity simulation, provides a language-based methodology for culturally-sensitive persona development, and advances the potential of intersectional identities in intelligent agents.

翻译：ChatGPT是一种基于大型语言模型的对话代理。由于训练数据涵盖大量人类输出，ChatGPT能够在相当程度上模仿人类。因此，我们需要考虑ChatGPT模拟（或可被设计模拟）哪些社会身份。本研究通过日语第一人称代词（这些代词以交叉方式与社会身份紧密相连，即交集代词）探讨身份模拟问题。我们开展了一项受控在线实验，让来自日本两个地区（关东和近畿）的参与者观察使用十组第一人称代词的ChatGPT交互过程。研究发现，仅凭代词便能引发人们对ChatGPT在性别、年龄、地域和正式程度等交叉维度上的社会身份感知，但存在局限性。这项工作凸显了代词使用对社会身份模拟的重要性，提供了一种基于语言的文化敏感型人格开发方法论，并推动了智能代理中交集身份潜力的发展。