We introduce Verifiable One-Time Programs (Ver-OTPs) and use them to construct single-round Open Secure Computation (OSC), a novel primitive enabling applications like (1) single-round sealed-bid auctions, (2) single-round and honest-majority atomic proposes -- a building block of consensus protocols, and (3) single-round differentially private statistical aggregation without pre-registration. First, we construct Ver-OTPs from single-qubit states and classical cryptographic primitives. Then, assuming a multi-key homomorphic scheme (MHE) with certain properties, we use Ver-OTPs with MHE to construct OSC. The underlying quantum requirement is minimal: only single-qubit states are needed alongside a hardware assumption on the receiver's quantum resources. Our work therefore provides a new framework for quantum-assisted cryptography that may be implementable with near-term quantum technology.

翻译：本文提出可验证一次性程序（Ver-OTPs），并利用其构建单轮开放安全计算（OSC）这一新型密码学原语，该原语支持以下应用：（1）单轮密封投标拍卖，（2）单轮诚实多数原子提案——共识协议的关键组件，以及（3）无需预注册的单轮差分隐私统计聚合。首先，我们利用单量子比特态与经典密码学原语构建Ver-OTPs。随后，在假设具备特定性质的多密钥同态加密方案（MHE）的前提下，我们将Ver-OTPs与MHE结合以构造OSC。方案所需的量子资源极为有限：仅需单量子比特态，并需对接收方的量子硬件资源作出假设。因此，本研究为量子辅助密码学提供了一个可基于近期量子技术实现的新框架。