The widespread use of ChatGPT and other emerging technology powered by generative artificial intelligence (AI) has drawn much attention to potential ethical issues, especially in high-stakes applications such as healthcare. However, less clear is how to resolve such issues beyond following guidelines and regulations that are still under discussion and development. On the other hand, other types of generative AI have been used to synthesize images and other types of data for research and practical purposes, which have resolved some ethical issues and exposed other ethical issues, but such technology is less often the focus of ongoing ethical discussions. Here we highlight gaps in current ethical discussions of generative AI via a systematic scoping review of relevant existing research in healthcare, and reduce the gaps by proposing an ethics checklist for comprehensive assessment and transparent documentation of ethical discussions in generative AI development. While the checklist can be readily integrated into the current peer review and publication system to enhance generative AI research, it may also be used in broader settings to disclose ethics-related considerations in generative AI-powered products (or real-life applications of such products) to help users establish reasonable trust in their capabilities.

翻译：ChatGPT及由生成式人工智能驅動的其他新興技術廣泛應用，尤其在醫療保健等高風險領域中引發了對潛在倫理問題的高度關注。然而，除了遵循仍在討論與制定中的指南與法規外，如何解決此類問題仍不明確。另一方面，其他類型的生成式人工智能已用於合成圖像及各類數據以服務研究與實務目的，這既解決部分倫理問題，也暴露出其他倫理問題，但此類技術卻較少成為當前倫理討論的焦點。本文通過對醫療保健領域現有相關研究的系統性範疇審查，揭示當前生成式人工智能倫理討論中的空白，並通過提出一份倫理清單來縮小這些空白，該清單旨在對生成式人工智能開發過程中的倫理討論進行全面評估與透明化記錄。此清單不僅能無縫整合至現行同行評審與出版體系以強化生成式人工智能研究，亦可用於更廣泛場景，揭露生成式人工智能驅動產品（或此類產品的實際應用）中與倫理相關的考量，從而幫助使用者對其能力建立合理的信任。