We outline a foundation for a new field of ``AI Behavioral Science,'' covering three perspectives. First, as AI becomes ubiquitous and is increasingly proprietary and opaque, it becomes vital to develop techniques for assessing AI behavior. We outline how tools developed to assess people's behaviors by social scientists can be used to assess and infer AI's behaviors biases, tendencies, and heuristics. Second, we also discuss how AI can change the ways in which we learn about human behavior. Beyond its computational power, AI offers new techniques for simulating, inferring, and predicting human behaviors that we outline and discuss. Third, as humans and AI are interacting in increasingly complex and intertwined systems, we need to understand the implications for the resulting economic and political outcomes. We outline issues that are increasingly pressing concerning the future of human-AI interactions and potential changes and disruptions that can ensue.

翻译：我们为“人工智能行为科学”这一新领域奠定了理论基础，涵盖三个视角。首先，随着人工智能变得无处不在，且日益专有化和不透明，开发评估人工智能行为的技术变得至关重要。我们概述了社会科学家用于评估人类行为的工具如何被用来评估和推断人工智能的行为偏差、倾向和启发式方法。其次，我们还讨论了人工智能如何改变我们了解人类行为的方式。除了其计算能力之外，人工智能还提供了模拟、推断和预测人类行为的新技术，我们对这些技术进行了概述和讨论。第三，随着人类与人工智能在日益复杂和相互交织的系统中互动，我们需要理解这对经济和政治结果产生的影响。我们概述了关于人机交互未来以及可能随之而来的变化和颠覆的日益紧迫的问题。