The quantum computing community is increasingly positioning quantum processors as accelerators within classical HPC workflows, analogous to GPUs and TPUs. However, many real-world applications require scaling to hundreds or thousands of physical qubits to realize logical qubits via error correction. To reach these scales, hardware vendors employing diverse technologies -- such as trapped ions, photonics, neutral atoms, and superconducting circuits -- are moving beyond single, monolithic QPUs toward modular architectures connected via interconnects. For example, IonQ has proposed photonic links for scaling, while IBM has demonstrated a modular QPU architecture by classically linking two 127-qubit devices. Using dynamic circuits, Bell-pair-based teleportation, and circuit cutting, they have shown how to execute a large quantum circuit that cannot fit on a single QPU. As interest in quantum computing grows, cloud providers must ensure fair and efficient resource allocation for multiple users sharing such modular systems. Classical interconnection of QPUs introduces new scheduling challenges, particularly when multiple jobs execute in parallel. In this work, we develop a multi-programmable scheduler for modular quantum systems that jointly considers qubit mapping, parallel circuit execution, measurement synchronization across subcircuits, and teleportation operations between QPUs using dynamic circuits.

翻译：量子计算社区正日益将量子处理器定位为经典高性能计算工作流中的加速器，类似于GPU和TPU。然而，许多实际应用需要扩展到数百或数千个物理量子比特，通过纠错实现逻辑量子比特。为达到这些规模，采用不同技术（如离子阱、光子学、中性原子和超导电路）的硬件供应商正从单一单片式量子处理器转向通过互连连接的模块化架构。例如，IonQ已提出用于扩展的光子链路，而IBM则通过经典方式连接两台127量子比特设备演示了模块化量子处理器架构。利用动态电路、基于贝尔对的隐形传态和电路切割技术，他们展示了如何执行无法容纳于单台量子处理器上的大型量子电路。随着对量子计算兴趣的增长，云服务提供商必须确保在共享此类模块化系统的多用户间实现公平且高效的资源分配。量子处理器的经典互连引入了新的调度挑战，尤其是当多个任务并行执行时。在本工作中，我们为模块化量子系统开发了一种多程序调度器，该调度器联合考虑量子比特映射、并行电路执行、子电路间测量同步以及利用动态电路在量子处理器之间执行隐形传态操作。