Due to the significant differences in physical conditions and living environments of people with disabilities, standardized assistive technologies (ATs) often fail to meet their needs. Modified AT, especially DIY (Do It Yourself) ATs, are a popular solution in many high-income countries, but there is a lack of documentation for low- and middle-income areas, especially in China, where the culture of philanthropy is undeveloped. To understand the current situation in this paper, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 individuals with disabilities using modified ATs and 10 individuals involved in providing these, including family members, standard assistive device manufacturers, and individuals employed for their modification skills, etc. Based on the results of the thematic analysis, we have summarized the general process of modified ATs for people with disabilities in China and the benefits these devices bring. We found that modified ATs not only make the lives of people with disabilities more comfortable and convenient but also bring them confidence, reduce social pressure, and even help them achieve self-realization. Additionally, we summarized the challenges they encountered before, during, and after the modification, including awareness gaps, family resistance, a lack of a business model, and so on. Specifically, we conducted a special case study about the typical business models and challenges currently faced by AT modification organizations in China. Our research provides important design foundations and research insights for the future of universal and personalized production of AT.

翻译：由于残障人士的身体状况和生活环境存在显著差异，标准化的辅助技术（AT）往往无法满足其需求。改造型辅助技术，特别是DIY（自己动手制作）辅助技术，在许多高收入国家已成为普遍解决方案，但在中低收入地区，尤其是在公益文化尚不发达的中国，相关实践缺乏系统记录。为深入了解现状，本文对10位使用改造型辅助技术的残障人士以及10位相关提供者（包括家庭成员、标准辅助设备制造商、以及受雇从事改造的专业人员等）进行了半结构化访谈。基于主题分析的结果，我们总结了中国残障人士获取改造型辅助技术的一般流程以及这些设备带来的益处。研究发现，改造型辅助技术不仅使残障人士的生活更加舒适便利，还为他们带来自信、减轻社会压力，甚至助力其实现自我价值。此外，我们总结了他们在改造前、改造过程中及改造后所面临的挑战，包括认知差距、家庭阻力、商业模式缺失等。特别地，我们针对中国辅助技术改造机构当前面临的典型商业模式与挑战进行了专项案例研究。本研究为未来辅助技术的普适性与个性化生产提供了重要的设计基础与研究启示。