We develop a general and practical framework to address the problem of the optimal design of dynamic fee mechanisms for multiple blockchain resources. Our framework allows to compute policies that optimally trade-off between adjusting resource prices to handle persistent demand shifts versus being robust to local noise in the observed block demand. In the general case with more than one resource, our optimal policies correctly handle cross-effects (complementarity and substitutability) in resource demands. We also show how these cross-effects can be used to inform resource design, i.e. combining resources into bundles that have low demand-side cross-effects can yield simpler and more efficient price-update rules. Our framework is also practical, we demonstrate how it can be used to refine or inform the design of heuristic fee update rules such as EIP-1559 or EIP-4844 with two case studies. We then estimate a uni-dimensional version of our model using real market data from the Ethereum blockchain and empirically compare the performance of our optimal policies to EIP-1559.

翻译：我们提出了一套通用且实用的框架，用于解决多区块链资源动态费用机制的最优设计问题。该框架能够计算在调整资源价格以应对持续性需求变化与对抗区块需求观测噪声之间的最优权衡策略。在涉及多种资源的通用场景中，我们的最优策略能够正确处理资源需求间的交叉效应（互补性与替代性）。我们还展示了如何利用这些交叉效应指导资源设计——即将交叉效应较低的需求侧资源进行捆绑，从而催生出更简单高效的定价更新规则。该框架具备高度实用性，通过两个案例研究（EIP-1559 与 EIP-4844）证明了其可用于优化或指导启发式费用更新规则的设计。最后，我们利用以太坊区块链的真实市场数据估计了模型的一维版本，并通过实证比较了最优策略与 EIP-1559 的性能差异。