Understanding crop diversity is crucial for resilience in farming, ecosystem services, and effective agro-environmental policies. We utilize a novel EU-wide satellite product (2018, 10 m resolution) to assess crop diversity across different scales. We define local crop diversity ($\alpha$-diversity) at 1 km scale, which in the EU is proportional to the area covered by large farms or clusters of small-to-medium sized farms. We also compute $\gamma$-diversity, covering landscape, regional, and national levels crop diversity. $\beta$-diversity ($\gamma$/$\alpha$) provides a measure of between agroecosystems diversity. National $\alpha$, $\gamma$, and $\beta$ diversity varies greatly ($\alpha$: 2.1-3.9, $\gamma$: 3.5-7.5, $\beta$: 1.22-2.27). EU-wide $\gamma$-diversity increases logarithmically with spatial aggregation (1 km: 2.85, 100 km: 4.27). We categorize EU Member States (MS) into four groups for crop diversification policy recommendations. Compared to the USA, the EU exhibits higher diversity related to differences in farm structure and practices. High local $\alpha$-diversity is only found for MS with small farms (<25 ha), but their presence doesn't always guarantee high local diversity. This study aids CAP implementation in the EU, with potential for annual continental Copernicus crop type maps and ecosystem co-variates exploration for a deeper understanding of agro-ecosystem services.

翻译：理解作物多样性对于农业韧性、生态系统服务以及有效的农业环境政策至关重要。本研究利用一种新颖的欧盟尺度卫星产品（2018年，10米分辨率）来评估不同尺度下的作物多样性。我们在1公里尺度上定义局部作物多样性（$\alpha$-多样性），其在欧盟范围内与大型农场或中小型农场集群覆盖的面积成正比。我们还计算了$\gamma$-多样性，涵盖景观、区域和国家层面的作物多样性。$\beta$-多样性（$\gamma$/$\alpha$）提供了农业生态系统间多样性的度量。国家层面的$\alpha$、$\gamma$和$\beta$多样性差异显著（$\alpha$：2.1-3.9，$\gamma$：3.5-7.5，$\beta$：1.22-2.27）。欧盟范围的$\gamma$-多样性随空间聚合度呈对数增长（1公里：2.85，100公里：4.27）。我们将欧盟成员国分为四组以提出作物多样化政策建议。与美国相比，欧盟表现出更高的多样性，这与农场结构和实践的差异有关。高局部$\alpha$-多样性仅存在于小型农场（<25公顷）的成员国中，但小型农场的存在并不总能保证高局部多样性。本研究有助于欧盟共同农业政策的实施，并有望利用年度大陆尺度的Copernicus作物类型图和生态系统协变量探索，以更深入地理解农业生态系统服务。