Electrodermal activity (EDA) reflects changes in skin conductance, closely tied to human psychological states. EDA sensors can assess stress, cognitive workload, arousal, and activity related to the parasympathetic nervous system used in various human-computer interaction applications. Yet, current limitations involve the complex attachment and proper skin contact with EDA sensors. This paper explores the novel concept of 3D printing electrodes for EDA measurements, potentially integrating sensors into arbitrary 3D printed objects, alleviating the need for complex assembly and attachment. We examine the adaptation of conventional EDA circuits for 3D-printed electrodes, assessing different electrode shapes and their impact on the sensing accuracy. A user study (N=6) revealed that 3D-printed electrodes can measure EDA with similar accuracy while recommending larger contact areas for improved precision. We discuss design implications to facilitate EDA sensor integration into 3D-printed devices, fostering a diverse integration into everyday items using consumer-grade 3D printers for physiological interface prototyping.

翻译：皮肤电活动（EDA）反映皮肤电导率的变化，与人类心理状态密切相关。EDA传感器可评估压力、认知负荷、唤醒程度以及与副交感神经系统相关的活动，广泛应用于人机交互场景。然而，当前EDA传感器存在复杂贴附与皮肤接触不佳的局限。本文探索用于EDA测量的3D打印电极这一新颖概念，有望将传感器集成到任意3D打印物体中，从而降低复杂组装与贴附需求。我们研究了传统EDA电路对3D打印电极的适配性，评估不同电极形状对传感精度的影响。用户研究（N=6）表明，3D打印电极能以相似精度测量EDA，同时建议采用更大接触面积以提升精度。我们讨论了促进EDA传感器集成至3D打印设备的设计启示，从而利用消费级3D打印机实现日常物品的多样化集成，用于生理接口原型开发。