Context: The rapid emergence of generative AI (GenAI) tools has begun to reshape various software engineering activities. Yet, their adoption within agile environments remains underexplored. Objective: This study investigates how agile practitioners adopt GenAI tools in real-world organizational contexts, focusing on regulatory conditions, use cases, benefits, and barriers. Method: An exploratory multiple case study was conducted in three German organizations, involving 17 semi-structured interviews and document analysis. A cross-case thematic analysis was applied to identify GenAI adoption patterns. Results: Findings reveal that GenAI is primarily used for creative tasks, documentation, and code assistance. Benefits include efficiency gains and enhanced creativity, while barriers relate to data privacy, validation effort, and lack of governance. Using the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, we find that these barriers stem from misalignments across the three dimensions. Regulatory pressures are often translated into policies without accounting for actual technological usage patterns or organizational constraints. This leads to systematic gaps between policy and practice. Conclusion: GenAI offers significant potential to augment agile roles but requires alignment across TOE dimensions, including clear policies, data protection measures, and user training to ensure responsible and effective integration.

翻译：背景：生成式人工智能（GenAI）工具的迅速兴起已开始重塑各类软件工程活动。然而，其在敏捷环境中的应用仍缺乏深入探索。目标：本研究探讨敏捷实践者在实际组织情境中如何采用GenAI工具，重点关注监管条件、用例、效益与障碍。方法：在三个德国组织中开展探索性多案例研究，包含17次半结构化访谈与文档分析，并运用跨案例主题分析法识别GenAI应用模式。结果：研究发现GenAI主要用于创意任务、文档编写与代码辅助。效益包括效率提升与创造力增强，而障碍涉及数据隐私、验证成本及治理缺失。借助技术-组织-环境（TOE）框架，我们发现这些障碍源于三个维度间的错位。监管压力常被转化为政策，却未考虑实际技术使用模式或组织约束，导致政策与实践间存在系统性鸿沟。结论：GenAI在增强敏捷角色方面潜力显著，但需实现TOE各维度的协同，包括制定清晰政策、落实数据保护措施与开展用户培训，以确保负责任且有效的整合。