As more young women in China live alone, they navigate entangled privacy, security, and safety (PSS) risks across smart homes, online platforms, and public infrastructures. Drawing on six participatory threat modeling (PTM) workshops (n = 33), we present a human-centered threat model that illustrates how digitally facilitated physical violence, digital harassment and scams, and pervasive surveillance by individuals, companies, and the state are interconnected and mutually reinforcing. We also document four mitigation strategies employed by participants: smart home device configurations, boundary management, sociocultural practices, and social media tactics--each of which can introduce new vulnerabilities and emotional burdens. Based on these insights, we developed a digital PSS guidebook for young women living alone (YWLA) in China. We further propose actionable design implications for smart home devices and social media platforms, along with policy and legal recommendations and directions for educational interventions.

翻译：随着中国独居年轻女性数量的增加，她们在智能家居、在线平台和公共基础设施中面临着交织的隐私、安全与人身安全风险。基于六场参与式威胁建模研讨会（n=33），我们提出了一个以人为中心的威胁模型，阐释了数字技术助长的物理暴力、数字骚扰与诈骗、以及来自个人、企业和政府的普遍监控如何相互关联并彼此强化。我们还记录了参与者采用的四种缓解策略：智能家居设备配置、边界管理、社会文化实践和社交媒体策略——其中每一种都可能引入新的脆弱性并带来情感负担。基于这些发现，我们为中国独居年轻女性开发了一本数字隐私-安全-人身安全指南。我们进一步为智能家居设备和社交媒体平台提出了可行的设计启示，同时提供了政策法律建议及教育干预方向。