In four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D STEM) a focused beam is scanned over a specimen and a diffraction pattern is recorded at each position using a pixelated detector. During the experiment, it must be ensured that the scan coordinate system of the beam is correctly calibrated relative to the detector coordinate system. Various simplified and approximate models are used implicitly and explicitly for understanding and analyzing the recorded data, requiring translation between the physical reality of the instrument and the abstractions used in data interpretation. Here, we introduce a calibration method where interactive live data processing in combination with a digital twin is used to match a set of models and their parameters with the action of a real-world instrument.

翻译：在四维扫描透射电子显微镜（4D STEM）中，聚焦电子束在样品上进行扫描，并通过像素化探测器在每个位置记录衍射图案。实验过程中必须确保电子束的扫描坐标系相对于探测器坐标系得到正确校准。在理解和分析记录数据时，研究人员会显式或隐式地使用各种简化和近似模型，这需要在仪器的物理现实与数据解释中使用的抽象模型之间进行转换。本文提出一种校准方法，通过结合交互式实时数据处理与数字孪生技术，将一组模型及其参数与实际仪器的操作行为进行匹配。