Human Digital Twins (HDTs) are a fast-emerging technology with significant potential in fields ranging from healthcare to sports. HDTs extend the traditional understanding of Digital Twins by representing humans as the underlying physical entity. This has introduced several significant challenges, including ambiguity in the definition of HDTs and a lack of guidance for their design. This survey brings together the recent advances in the field of HDTs to guide future developers by proposing a first cross-domain definition of HDTs based on their characteristics, as well as eleven key design considerations that emerge from the associated challenges.

翻译：人类数字孪生（HDTs）是一项快速兴起的技术，在从医疗保健到体育等多个领域具有显著潜力。HDTs通过将人类作为底层物理实体来表征，扩展了数字孪生的传统理解。这引入了若干重大挑战，包括HDT定义的模糊性以及设计指导的缺失。本综述整合了HDT领域的最新进展，通过提出首个基于其特性的跨领域HDT定义，以及从相关挑战中提炼出的十一项关键设计考量，为未来开发者提供指导。