This chapter sheds light on the synaptic organization of the brain from the perspective of computational neuroscience. It provides an introductory overview on how to account for empirical data in mathematical models, implement such models in software, and perform simulations reflecting experiments. This path is demonstrated with respect to four key aspects of synaptic signaling: the connectivity of brain networks, synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and the heterogeneity across synapses. Each step and aspect of the modeling and simulation workflow comes with its own challenges and pitfalls, which are highlighted and addressed.

翻译：摘要：本章从计算神经科学视角阐释了大脑的突触组织机制。首先系统介绍了如何将经验数据纳入数学模型、在软件中实现这些模型，以及开展模拟实验的方法。这一研究路径围绕突触信号传导的四个核心层面展开：脑网络连接性、突触传递、突触可塑性，以及突触间的异质性。建模与模拟工作流程的每个步骤和层面都伴随着特定的挑战与误区，本文对此进行了重点阐述和应对分析。