Software development is undergoing a fundamental transformation as vibe coding becomes widespread, with large portions of contemporary codebases now being generated by Artificial Intelligence (AI). The disconnect between rapid adoption and limited conceptual understanding highlights the need for an inquiry into this emerging paradigm. Drawing on an intent perspective and historical analysis, we define vibe coding as a software development paradigm where humans and Generative AI (GenAI) engage in collaborative flow to co-create software artifacts through natural language dialogue, shifting the mediation of developer intent from deterministic instruction to probabilistic inference. By intent mediation, we refer to the fundamental process through which developers translate their conceptual goals into representations that computational systems can execute. Our results show that vibe coding redistributes epistemic labor between humans and machines, shifting expertise from technical implementation toward collaborative orchestration. We identify key opportunities, including democratization, acceleration, and systemic leverage, alongside risks such as black-box codebases, responsibility gaps, and ecosystem bias. We conclude with a research agenda spanning human-, technology-, and organization-centered directions to guide future investigations of this paradigm.

翻译：随着氛围编程的广泛普及，软件开发正在经历根本性变革，当代代码库的很大部分现已由人工智能（AI）生成。快速采用与有限概念理解之间的脱节凸显了对这一新兴范式进行探究的必要性。基于意图视角与历史分析，我们将氛围编程定义为一种软件开发范式，其中人类与生成式人工智能（GenAI）通过自然语言对话进行协作流，共同创建软件制品，从而将开发者意图的中介从确定性指令转向概率性推理。所谓意图中介，我们指的是开发者将其概念性目标转化为计算系统可执行表示的基本过程。我们的研究结果表明，氛围编程重新分配了人类与机器之间的认知劳动，将专业知识从技术实现转向协作编排。我们识别了包括民主化、加速和系统杠杆在内的关键机遇，以及黑箱代码库、责任缺口和生态系统偏见等风险。最后，我们提出了一个涵盖以人为中心、以技术为中心和以组织为中心方向的研究议程，以指导这一范式的未来研究。