An advanced technology known as a radio frequency identification (RFID) system enables seamless wireless communication between tags and readers. This system operates in what is referred to as a dense reader environment, where readers are placed close to each other to optimize coverage. However, this setup comes with its challenges, as it increases the likelihood of collisions between readers and tags (reader-to-reader and reader-to-tag), leading to reduced network performance. To address this issue, various protocols have been proposed, with centralized solutions emerging as promising options due to their ability to deliver higher throughput. In this paper, we propose the Intelligence and Efficient Reader Anti-collision Protocol (IE-RAP) that improves network performance such as throughput, average waiting time, and energy consumption, which employs a powerful combination of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) mechanisms. IE-RAP improves the efficiency of RFID networks through techniques such as the SIFT function and distance calculation between readers. By preventing re-read tags and ensuring the on-time release of the communication channel, we effectively eliminate unnecessary collisions. Our simulations emphasize the superiority of our proposed method, it increases 26% throughput, reduces 74% the average waiting time, and lower by 52% the energy consumption compared to existing approaches. Importantly, our solution supports the seamless integration of mobile readers within the network.

翻译：射频识别（RFID）系统作为一种先进技术，能够实现标签与阅读器之间的无缝无线通信。该系统在所谓的密集阅读器环境中运行，其中阅读器被紧密布置以优化覆盖范围。然而，这种配置也带来了挑战，因为它增加了阅读器与标签之间（阅读器对阅读器及阅读器对标签）发生碰撞的可能性，从而导致网络性能下降。为解决此问题，已有多种协议被提出，其中集中式解决方案因其能够提供更高吞吐量而成为有前景的选择。本文提出了一种智能高效的阅读器防碰撞协议（IE-RAP），该协议通过结合时分多址（TDMA）与频分多址（FDMA）机制，有效提升了吞吐量、平均等待时间和能耗等网络性能指标。IE-RAP通过采用SIFT函数及阅读器间距离计算等技术，提高了RFID网络的效率。通过防止标签重复读取并确保通信信道的准时释放，我们有效消除了不必要的碰撞。仿真实验表明，所提方法相较于现有方案，吞吐量提升26%，平均等待时间降低74%，能耗减少52%。尤为重要的是，我们的方案支持移动阅读器在网络中的无缝集成。