Human participants play a central role in the development of modern artificial intelligence (AI) technology, in psychological science, and in user research. Recent advances in generative AI have attracted growing interest to the possibility of replacing human participants in these domains with AI surrogates. We survey several such "substitution proposals" to better understand the arguments for and against substituting human participants with modern generative AI. Our scoping review indicates that the recent wave of these proposals is motivated by goals such as reducing the costs of research and development work and increasing the diversity of collected data. However, these proposals ignore and ultimately conflict with foundational values of work with human participants: representation, inclusion, and understanding. This paper critically examines the principles and goals underlying human participation to help chart out paths for future work that truly centers and empowers participants.

翻译：人类参与者在现代人工智能（AI）技术的发展、心理科学以及用户研究中扮演着核心角色。生成式AI的最新进展引发了人们日益浓厚的兴趣，即在这些领域用AI替代物取代人类参与者。我们梳理了若干此类"替代方案"，以更深入地理解支持与反对用现代生成式AI替代人类参与者的论据。我们的范围综述表明，近期这一波替代方案主要受降低研发成本、增加所收集数据多样性等目标驱动。然而，这些方案忽视并最终与人类参与工作的基础价值观——代表性、包容性与理解——相冲突。本文批判性审视了人类参与所依据的原则与目标，旨在为未来真正以参与者为核心并赋予其权力的工作路径提供指引。