Social media has expanded in its use, and reach, since the inception of early social networks in the early 2000s. Increasingly, users turn to social media for keeping up to date with current affairs and information. However, social media is increasingly used to promote disinformation and cause harm. In this contribution, we argue that as information (eco)systems, social media sites are vulnerable from three aspects, each corresponding to the classical 3-tier architecture in information systems: asymmetric networks (data tier); algorithms powering the supposed personalisation for the user experience (application tier); and adverse or audacious design of the user experience and overall information ecosystem (presentation tier) - which can be summarized as the 3 A's. Thus, the open question remains: how can we 'fix' social media? We will unpack suggestions from various allied disciplines - from philosophy to data ethics to social psychology - in untangling the 3A's above.

翻译：自21世纪初早期社交网络问世以来，社交媒体的使用范围和影响力持续扩大。用户日益依赖社交媒体获取时事动态与信息。然而，社交媒体也越来越多地被用于传播虚假信息和制造伤害。本文认为，作为信息（生态）系统，社交媒体在三个层面存在脆弱性，分别对应经典信息系统三层架构：非对称网络（数据层）、驱动所谓个性化用户体验的算法（应用层），以及用户体验与整体信息生态系统的负面或大胆设计（表示层）——这三者可概括为“3A”问题。因此，根本性难题依然存在：我们如何“修复”社交媒体？我们将梳理来自哲学、数据伦理学、社会心理学等跨学科领域的建议，以解析上述“3A”问题。