Data is the new oil of the 21st century. The growing trend of trading data for greater welfare has led to the emergence of data markets. A data market is any mechanism whereby the exchange of data products including datasets and data derivatives takes place as a result of data buyers and data sellers being in contact with one another, either directly or through mediating agents. It serves as a coordinating mechanism by which several functions, including the pricing and the distribution of data as the most important ones, interact to make the value of data fully exploited and enhanced. In this article, we present a comprehensive survey of this important and emerging direction from the aspects of data search, data productization, data transaction, data pricing, revenue allocation as well as privacy, security, and trust issues. We also investigate the government policies and industry status of data markets across different countries and different domains. Finally, we identify the unresolved challenges and discuss possible future directions for the development of data markets.

翻译：数据是21世纪的新石油。为获取更大福利而交易数据的增长趋势催生了数据市场的出现。数据市场是指数据买方与数据卖方（直接或通过中介机构）相互接触，从而交换包括数据集和数据衍生品在内的数据产品的任何机制。它作为一种协调机制，通过定价、数据分发（作为最重要的功能）等多个功能的相互作用，使数据的价值得到充分挖掘和提升。本文从数据搜索、数据产品化、数据交易、数据定价、收益分配以及隐私、安全与信任问题等方面，对这一重要且新兴的方向进行了全面综述。我们还考察了不同国家、不同领域数据市场的政府政策与行业现状。最后，我们指出了尚未解决的挑战，并探讨了数据市场未来可能的发展方向。