We study the query complexity of approximating the MAX-CUT value to additive error $\varepsilon n^2$ in the adjacency matrix model. This was one of the first problems studied in graph property testing [GGR'98]. Previously, the best known upper bound for both adaptive and non-adaptive algorithms was $O(1/\varepsilon^6)$ [RV'07; MS'08; GMRS'22]. The only known lower bound was a trivial $Ω(1/\varepsilon^2)$ bound. We close this gap from both sides for non-adaptive algorithms, proving that its query complexity is exactly $Θ(1/\varepsilon^4)$. We also prove an adaptive $Ω(1/\varepsilon^3)$ lower bound. Our upper bound is achieved by a canonical tester that samples $O(1/\varepsilon^2)$ vertices in expectation and outputs the rescaled MAX-CUT value of the induced subgraph. We prove its correctness by applying spectral truncation to the adjacency matrix, using a geometric argument to control the sampling error of the retained low-rank part and a cut-norm restriction estimate [RV'07] for the remainder. As an application, an analogous proof also yields a tight $O(1/\varepsilon^4)$ non-adaptive query upper bound for MAX-2CSP. For our lower bounds, we show indistinguishability between a uniform random graph and a random graph with a planted hidden partition. For the non-adaptive lower bound, we observe that one plus the $χ^2$-divergence between the query transcript distributions is exactly a normalized Ising partition function, which can be bounded using Boolean hypercontractivity. For the adaptive lower bound, we relate each query's distinguishing power to the prediction, based on previous answers, of whether its endpoints lie in the same part of the hidden partition. We bound the combined advantage of these predictions using the completed transcript, which lets us analyze the adaptively chosen pairs of vertices together despite their dependence on earlier answers.

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