In the burgeoning domain of distributed quantum computing, achieving consensus amidst adversarial settings remains a pivotal challenge. We introduce an enhancement to the Quantum Byzantine Agreement (QBA) protocol, uniquely incorporating advanced error mitigation techniques: Twirled Readout Error Extinction (T-REx) and dynamical decoupling (DD). Central to this refined approach is the utilization of a Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) source device for heightened performance. Extensive tests on both simulated and real-world quantum devices, notably IBM's quantum computer, provide compelling evidence of the effectiveness of our T-REx and DD adaptations in mitigating prevalent quantum channel errors. Subsequent to the entanglement distribution, our protocol adopts a verification method reminiscent of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) schemes. The Commander then issues orders encoded in specific quantum states, like Retreat or Attack. In situations where received orders diverge, lieutenants engage in structured games to reconcile discrepancies. Notably, the frequency of these games is contingent upon the Commander's strategies and the overall network size. Our empirical findings underscore the enhanced resilience and effectiveness of the protocol in diverse scenarios. Nonetheless, scalability emerges as a concern with the growth of the network size. To sum up, our research illuminates the considerable potential of fortified quantum consensus systems in the NISQ era, highlighting the imperative for sustained research in bolstering quantum ecosystems.

翻译：在分布式量子计算这一新兴领域，如何在对抗性环境下达成共识仍是一项核心挑战。我们提出了一种面向量子拜占庭协议（QBA）的增强方案，创新性地融合了两种高级纠错技术：旋转读出误差消除（T-REx）与动态去耦（DD）。该优化方案的核心在于利用含噪声中等规模量子（NISQ）源设备以提升性能。通过在模拟与真实量子设备（特别是IBM量子计算机）上的全面测试，我们获得了有力证据，证明T-REx和DD适配方案能有效抑制常见的量子信道错误。在纠缠分发完成后，本协议采用类似量子密钥分发（QKD）方案的验证方法，由指挥官以特定量子态（如"撤退"或"进攻"）编码指令。当接收指令存在分歧时，副官通过结构化博弈机制协调矛盾。值得注意的是，博弈进行频率取决于指挥官策略与整体网络规模。实验结果表明，该协议在不同场景下均展现出更强的鲁棒性与有效性，但网络规模扩大带来的可扩展性问题仍需关注。总之，本研究揭示了NISQ时代增强型量子共识系统的巨大潜力，凸显了持续强化量子生态系统相关研究的必要性。