In this paper, we propose, design, deploy and demonstrate a two-tier Low Power Wide Area Network (LP WAN) system based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) base stations suitable for dynamic deployment in deep rural environments. The proposed UAV-based LP WAN network augments the existing macro-cellular LP WAN network (Tier 1) with an additional layer of mobile base stations (Tier 2) based also on LP WAN technology. Mobile Tier 2 LP WAN base stations provide connectivity to static or mobile LP WAN user equipment deployed in the areas without direct Tier 1 LP WAN network coverage. The proposed two-tier LP WAN network scenario is suitable for various agricultural, forestry and environmental applications such as livestock or wild animal monitoring. In this experimental work, we report the prototype that was successfully deployed and used in a real-world deep rural environment without Tier 1 LP WAN network coverage.

翻译：本文提出、设计、部署并展示了一种基于无人机基站的双层低功耗广域网系统，适用于深度乡村环境下的动态部署。所提出的无人机低功耗广域网通过在现有宏蜂窝低功耗广域网（第一层）基础上，增加基于低功耗广域网技术的移动基站层（第二层）实现系统增强。移动式第二层低功耗广域网基站可为部署在无第一层低功耗广域网直接覆盖区域的静态或移动用户设备提供连接。该双层低功耗广域网网络场景适用于农业、林业及环境监测等各类应用，包括家畜或野生动物追踪。本实验研究报告了在真实无第一层低功耗广域网覆盖的深度乡村环境中成功部署并使用的原型系统。