UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) is rapidly gaining traction in various human activities and has become an integral component of the satellite-air-ground-sea (SAGS) integrated network. As high-speed moving objects, UAVs not only have extremely strict requirements for communication delay, but also cannot be maliciously controlled as a weapon by the attacker. Therefore, an efficient and secure communication method designed for UAV networks is necessary. We propose a communication mechanism ESCM. For high efficiency, ESCM provides a routing protocol based on the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to accelerate communications between UAVs. Meanwhile, we use blockchain to guarantee the security of UAV networks. However, blockchain has unstable links in high-mobility networks resulting in low consensus efficiency and high communication overhead. Consequently, ESCM introduces digital twin (DT), which transforms the UAV network into a static network by mapping UAVs from the physical world into Cyberspace. This virtual UAV network is called CyberUAV. Then, in CyberUAV, we design a blockchain consensus based on network coding, named Proof of Network Coding (PoNC). Analysis and simulation show that the above modules in ESCM have advantages over existing schemes. Through ablation studies, we demonstrate that these modules are indispensable for efficient and secure communication of UAV networks.

翻译：无人机正迅速融入人类各类活动，并已成为空天地海一体化网络的重要组成部分。作为高速运动物体，无人机不仅对通信时延有极为严格的要求，且绝不能因被攻击者恶意控制而沦为武器。因此，为无人机网络设计一种兼具高效性与安全性的通信方法实属必要。我们提出了一种通信机制ESCM。在高效性方面，ESCM提供基于人工蜂群算法的路由协议，以加速无人机间的通信。同时，我们利用区块链保障无人机网络的安全性。然而，在高机动网络中，区块链存在链路不稳定的问题，导致共识效率低、通信开销高。为此，ESCM引入数字孪生，通过将物理世界的无人机映射至网络空间，将无人机网络转化为静态网络。该虚拟无人机网络称为CyberUAV。随后，在CyberUAV中，我们设计了一种基于网络编码的区块链共识——网络编码证明。分析与仿真表明，ESCM中各模块相较于现有方案具有优势。通过消融实验，我们证实这些模块对于实现无人机网络的高效安全通信不可或缺。