Understanding the changing structure of science over time is essential to elucidating how science evolves. We develop diachronic embeddings of scholarly periodicals to quantify "semantic changes" of periodicals across decades, allowing us to track the evolution of research topics and identify rapidly developing fields. By mapping periodicals within a physical-life-health triangle, we reveal an evolving interdisciplinary science landscape, finding an overall trend toward specialization for most periodicals but increasing interdisciplinarity for bioscience periodicals. Analyzing a periodical's trajectory within this triangle over time allows us to visualize how its research focus shifts. Furthermore, by monitoring the formation of local clusters of periodicals, we can identify emerging research topics such as AIDS research and nanotechnology in the 1980s. Our work offers novel quantification in the science of science and provides a quantitative lens to examine the evolution of science, which may facilitate future investigations into the emergence and development of research fields.

翻译：理解科学结构随时间的变化对于阐明科学如何演化至关重要。我们开发了学术期刊的历时性嵌入方法，以量化期刊跨越数十年的"语义变迁"，从而能够追踪研究主题的演变并识别快速发展的领域。通过在物理-生命-健康三角框架中映射期刊分布，我们揭示了不断演变的跨学科科学格局，发现大多数期刊呈现整体专业化趋势，但生物科学期刊的跨学科性持续增强。分析期刊在该三角框架内随时间变化的轨迹，使我们能够可视化其研究重点的转移过程。此外，通过监测期刊局部聚类结构的形成，我们可以识别新兴研究主题，例如1980年代的艾滋病研究与纳米技术。本研究为科学计量学提供了新颖的量化方法，并为考察科学演进提供了定量视角，可能促进未来对研究领域涌现与发展的深入探索。