The saturation number $μ^*(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a maximal matching, and $H(G)$ is its harmonic index. TxGraffiti conjectured in 2023 that $μ^*(G) \le H(G)$ for every nontrivial connected graph $G$, and Bıyıkoğlu refuted this by showing that the ratio $μ^*(G)/H(G)$ can be made arbitrarily large. Restricting to trees bounds the ratio sharply. Every nontrivial tree $T$ satisfies $μ^*(T) < \frac{3}{2} H(T)$, with the constant $3/2$ best possible. A complementary bound $H(G) < 4μ^*(G)$ holds for every graph with an edge, so on a nontrivial tree the saturation number is pinned to $\frac{1}{4} H(T) < μ^*(T) < \frac{3}{2} H(T)$, both constants best possible. The friendship graph $F_4$ is a smallest counterexample to the conjecture, on nine vertices, and the smallest tree counterexample is the subdivided star on eleven vertices. For each positive integer $m$ a family of graphs with $m$ hubs has ratio approaching $m+1$, while the conjecture holds whenever all vertices have equal degree. Both invariants arise in applications, the harmonic index as a molecular descriptor and the saturation number as a measure of adsorption inefficiency, and the bounds estimate the latter, which is NP-hard to compute, by the former, which is computable in linear time.

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