This paper introduces Calligraphy Writing Score Representation (CWSR) and proposes Shu Dao as a framework that interprets East Asian calligraphy as a performative art rather than a static visual artifact. Inspired by traditions such as Japanese Shodō and embodied cultural practices such as Chadao , the framework models calligraphy as a structured performance analogous to musical notation. Instead of representing characters as fixed images, the proposed approach encodes each brush stroke as an ordered and executable action, forming a calligraphy score. Characters are organized within a structured spatial grid, and strokes are annotated with attributes including stroke type, execution order, spatial coordinates, trajectory, compositional role, and dynamic properties such as brush pressure and pacing. This representation captures temporal and expressive aspects of calligraphic writing that are typically absent from image-based representations. The paper makes three main contributions. First, it introduces CWSR as a structured notation system for representing calligraphy across multiple levels, including strokes, character structures, and compositional organization (e.g., layout and zhangfa), together with their rhythmic and performative dynamics. Second, it conceptualizes Shu Dao as a score-mediated framework that models calligraphy as structured performance. Third, it establishes a computational foundation for the analysis, visualization, and executable generation of calligraphic works by AI-based calligraphic agents. Together, these contributions bridge calligraphy, musical notation, and performative cultural practices, supporting human--AI co-creation in computational calligraphy and digital humanities research.

翻译：本文提出书法书写谱表示（CWSR），并构建了《书道》这一框架，将东亚书法诠释为一种表演性艺术而非静态视觉产物。该框架受日本书道传统及茶道等具身文化实践启发，将书法建模为类比于音乐符号的结构化表演系统。不同于将汉字呈现为固定图像，本方法将每笔笔画编码为有序的可执行动作序列，形成书法谱。汉字被组织于结构化空间网格中，笔画标注属性包括：笔画类型、执行顺序、空间坐标、轨迹、构成角色以及笔压与节奏等动态特征。这种表示捕捉了书法书写中通常被图像表征忽略的时间性与表现性维度。本文有三项核心贡献：第一，提出CWSR这一结构化符号系统，跨层次（包括笔画、汉字结构、章法布局等构图组织）表征书法及其韵律与表演动态；第二，将《书道》概念化为一种以谱为中介的框架，建模书法为结构化表演；第三，为基于AI书法智能体的书法作品分析、可视化与可执行生成奠定计算基础。这些贡献共同联结了书法、乐谱与表演文化实践，为计算书法与数字人文研究中的"人机共创"提供支持。