Quantum computing is a cutting-edge field of information technology that harnesses the principles of quantum mechanics to perform computations. It has major implications for the cyber security industry. Existing cyber protection applications are working well, but there are still challenges and vulnerabilities in computer networks. Sometimes data and privacy are also compromised. These complications lead to research questions asking what kind of cyber protection applications of quantum computing are there and what potential methods or techniques can be used for cyber protection? These questions will reveal how much power quantum computing has and to what extent it can outperform the conventional computing systems. This scoping review was conducted by considering 815 papers. It showed the possibilities that can be achievedif quantum technologies are implemented in cyber environments. This scoping review discusses various domains such as algorithms and applications, bioinformatics, cloud and edge computing, the organization of complex systems, application areas focused on security and threats, and the broader quantum computing ecosystem. In each of these areas, there is significant scope for quantum computing to be implemented and to revolutionize the working environment. Numerous quantum computing applications for cyber protection and a number of techniques to protect our data and privacy were identified. The results are not limited to network security but also include data security. This paper also discusses societal aspects, e.g., the applications of quantum computing in the social sciences. This scoping review discusses how to enhance the efficiency and security of quantum computing in various cyber security domains. Additionally, it encourages the reader to think about what kind of techniques and methods can be deployed to secure the cyber world.

翻译：量子计算是信息技术的前沿领域，它利用量子力学原理执行计算任务，对网络安全行业具有重大影响。现有的网络安全防护应用运行良好，但计算机网络仍面临诸多挑战与脆弱性，数据与隐私泄露事件时有发生。这些复杂问题引出了以下研究议题：量子计算在网络安全防护领域存在哪些应用？可采用哪些潜在方法或技术来增强网络防护？对这些问题的探讨将揭示量子计算的实际效能及其超越传统计算系统的潜力。本次范围综述通过分析815篇文献，展示了量子技术在网络环境中实施可能实现的前景。综述涵盖了算法与应用、生物信息学、云与边缘计算、复杂系统组织、聚焦安全与威胁的应用领域，以及更广泛的量子计算生态系统等多个方向。在每个领域中，量子计算都具有巨大的实施潜力，有望彻底改变现有工作环境。研究识别出众多用于网络防护的量子计算应用及多种保护数据与隐私的技术，其成果不仅涉及网络安全，还包含数据安全范畴。本文同时探讨了社会层面的影响，例如量子计算在社会科学中的应用。本综述系统论述了如何提升量子计算在各网络安全领域的效率与安全性，并启发读者思考可部署哪些技术方法来保障网络空间安全。