Lablets are autonomous microscopic particles with programmable CMOS electronics that can control electrokinetic phenomena and electrochemical reactions in solution via actuator and sensor microelectrodes. In this paper, we describe the design and fabrication of optimized singulated lablets (CMOS3) with dimensions 140x140x50 um carrying an integrated coplanar encapsulated supercapacitor as a rechargeable power supply. The lablets are designed to allow docking to one another or to a smart surface for interchange of energy, electronic information, and chemicals. The paper focusses on the digital and analog design of the lablets to allow significant programmable functionality in a microscopic footprint, including the control of autonomous actuation and sensing up to the level of being able to support a complete lablet self-reproduction life cycle, although experimentally this remains to be proven. The potential of lablets in autonomous sensing and control and for evolutionary experimentation are discussed.

翻译：标签体（lablets）是一种自主微观粒子，搭载可编程CMOS电子器件，能够通过执行器与传感器微电极控制溶液中的电动现象与电化学反应。本文阐述了优化型单体标签体（CMOS3）的设计与制备方案，其尺寸为140×140×50微米，并集成了共面封装超级电容器作为可充电电源系统。该标签体设计支持彼此对接或与智能表面连接，以实现能量、电子信息及化学物质的交换。本文重点论述标签体的数字与模拟电路设计，使其在微观尺度上实现显著的可编程功能，包括对自主驱动与传感的控制——其功能层级甚至可支持完整的标签体自我复制生命周期（尽管该能力尚待实验验证）。文中进一步探讨了标签体在自主传感控制及进化实验研究中的应用潜力。