Validation of conformance to cybersecurity standards for industrial automation and control systems is an expensive and time consuming process which can delay the time to market. It is therefore crucial to introduce conformance validation stages into the continuous integration/continuous delivery pipeline of products. However, designing such conformance validation in an automated fashion is a highly non-trivial task that requires expert knowledge and depends upon the available security tools, ease of integration into the DevOps pipeline, as well as support for IT and OT interfaces and protocols. This paper addresses the aforementioned problem focusing on the automated validation of ISA/IEC 62443-4-2 standard component requirements. We present an extensive qualitative analysis of the standard requirements and the current tooling landscape to perform validation. Our analysis demonstrates the coverage established by the currently available tools and sheds light on current gaps to achieve full automation and coverage. Furthermore, we showcase for every component requirement where in the CI/CD pipeline stage it is recommended to test it and the tools to do so.

翻译：工业自动化及控制系统的网络安全标准符合性验证是一项昂贵且耗时的过程，可能导致产品上市延迟。因此，将符合性验证阶段引入产品的持续集成/持续交付流水线至关重要。然而，以自动化方式设计此类符合性验证属于高度复杂的任务，需要专业知识，并依赖于现有安全工具、与DevOps流水线的集成便捷性，以及对IT与OT接口及协议的支持度。本文聚焦ISA/IEC 62443-4-2标准组件要求的自动化验证问题，对该标准要求及当前可用于验证的工具生态进行了详尽的定性分析。我们的分析揭示了现有工具所实现的覆盖范围，并阐明了实现完全自动化和全面覆盖仍需填补的空白。此外，我们针对每个组件要求，展示了推荐在CI/CD流水线中的哪个阶段进行测试，以及可用的测试工具。