Previous research has identified a post-2010 sharp increase of words used to denounce prejudice (i.e. racism, sexism, homophobia, Islamophobia, anti-Semitism, etc) in US and UK news media content. Some have referred to these institutional trends and related shifts in US public opinion about increasing perceptions of prejudice severity in society as the Great Awokening. Here, we extend previous analysis to the global media environment. Thus, we quantify the prevalence of prejudice-denouncing terms and social justice associated terminology (diversity, inclusion, equality, etc) in over 98 million news and opinion articles across 124 popular news media outlets from 36 countries representing 6 different world regions: English-speaking West, continental Europe, Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, Persian Gulf region and Asia. We find that increasing prominence in news media of so-called wokeness terminology is a global phenomenon starting early post-2010 in pioneering countries yet mostly worldwide ubiquitous post-2015. Still, different world regions emphasize distinct types of prejudice with varying degrees of intensity. Surprisingly, the United States news media does not appear to have been the pioneer in embedding prejudice and social justice loaded terminology in their content. We also note that state-controlled news media from Russia, China and Iran might be leveraging wokeness terminology as a geopolitical propaganda weapon to mock, destabilize or criticize Western adversaries. The large degree of temporal synchronicity with which wokeness terminology emerged in news media worldwide raises important questions about the root causes driving this phenomenon.
翻译:已有研究指出,2010年后美国与英国新闻媒体中用于谴责偏见(如种族主义、性别歧视、恐同、伊斯兰恐惧症、反犹太主义等)的词汇使用量急剧上升。部分学者将这类制度性趋势及美国公众对社会中偏见严重程度认知的转变称为"全球觉醒"现象。本研究将先前分析拓展至全球媒体环境,量化分析了来自36个国家(涵盖英语世界、欧洲大陆、拉丁美洲、撒哈拉以南非洲、波斯湾地区和亚洲六大区域)124家主流新闻媒体的9800万篇新闻与评论文章中,谴责偏见类术语及社会正义相关词汇(如多样性、包容性、平等等)的使用频率。研究发现,所谓"觉醒"术语在新闻媒体中的日益显化始于2010年代初期的先锋国家,至2015年后已基本呈现全球普及态势,确属全球性现象。不过,不同区域对特定偏见类型的强调程度与强度存在差异。令人意外的是,美国新闻媒体并非最早将偏见与社会正义术语嵌入内容的先驱。此外,俄罗斯、中国和伊朗的国家控制媒体或正将"觉醒"术语用作地缘政治宣传工具,以嘲讽、动摇或批判西方对手。此类术语在全球新闻媒体中同步出现的高度时域同步性,为探究该现象的根本成因提出了重要课题。