Power-to-Hydrogen is crucial for the renewable energy transition, yet existing literature lacks business models for the significant excess heat it generates. This study addresses this by evaluating three models for selling electrolyzer-generated heat to district heating grids: constant, flexible, and renewable-source hydrogen production, with and without heat sales. Using agent-based modeling and multi-criteria decision-making methods (VIKOR, TOPSIS, PROMETHEE), it finds that selling excess heat can cut hydrogen production costs by 5.6%. The optimal model operates flexibly with electricity spot prices, includes heat sales, and maintains a hydrogen price of 3.3 EUR/kg. Environmentally, hydrogen production from grid electricity could emit up to 13,783.8 tons of CO2 over four years from 2023. The best economic and environmental model uses renewable sources and sells heat at 3.5 EUR/kg

翻译：电转氢技术对可再生能源转型至关重要，但现有文献缺乏对其产生大量余热的商业模式研究。本研究通过评估三种将电解槽产生的热量出售给区域供热网的模型来解决这一问题：恒定、灵活及基于可再生能源的制氢模式，并分别考虑包含与不包含售热的情形。采用基于智能体的建模与多准则决策方法（VIKOR、TOPSIS、PROMETHEE）进行分析，发现出售余热可使制氢成本降低5.6%。最优模型根据电力现货价格灵活运行，包含售热环节，并将氢气价格维持在3.3欧元/公斤。在环境方面，2023年起的四年内，使用电网电力制氢可能产生高达13,783.8吨的二氧化碳排放。综合经济与环境效益的最佳模型采用可再生能源制氢并以3.5欧元/公斤的价格出售余热。