Web 3.0 pursues the establishment of decentralized ecosystems based on blockchain technologies to drive the digital transformation of physical commerce and governance. Through consensus algorithms and smart contracts in blockchain, which are based on cryptography technologies, digital identity, digital asset management, decentralized autonomous organization, and decentralized finance are realized for secure and transparent digital economy services in Web 3.0 for promoting the integration of digital and physical economies. With the rapid realization of quantum devices, Web 3.0 is being developed in parallel with the deployment of quantum cloud computing and quantum Internet. In this regard, quantum computing first disrupts the original cryptographic systems that protect data security while reshaping modern cryptography with the advantages of quantum computing and communication. Therefore, this survey provides a comprehensive overview of blockchain-based Web 3.0 and its quantum and post-quantum enhancement from the ambilateral perspective. On the one hand, some post-quantum migration methods, and anti-quantum signatures offer potential ways to achieve unforgeable security under quantum attack for the internal technologies of blockchain. On the other hand, some quantum/post-quantum encryption and verification algorithms improve the external performance of the blockchain, enabling a decentralized, valuable, secure blockchain system. Finally, we discuss the future directions toward developing a provable secure decentralized digital ecosystem.

翻译：Web 3.0旨在基于区块链技术建立去中心化生态系统，推动实体商业与治理的数字化转型。通过区块链中基于密码学技术的共识算法与智能合约，实现数字身份、数字资产管理、去中心化自治组织及去中心化金融，为Web 3.0中促进数字与实体经济融合的安全透明数字经济服务提供支撑。随着量子设备的快速实现，Web 3.0正与量子云计算和量子互联网的部署同步发展。在此背景下，量子计算首先颠覆了保护数据安全的原有密码系统，同时凭借量子计算与通信的优势重塑现代密码学。因此，本综述从双重视角全面概述了基于区块链的Web 3.0及其量子与后量子增强技术。一方面，后量子迁移方法与抗量子签名为区块链内部技术在量子攻击下实现不可伪造安全提供了潜在途径。另一方面，量子/后量子加密与验证算法可提升区块链外部性能，构建去中心化、高价值、安全的区块链系统。最后，我们讨论了构建可证明安全的去中心化数字生态系统的未来发展方向。