The concept of Digital Twin (DT) is increasingly applied to systems on different levels of abstraction across domains, to support monitoring, analysis, diagnosis, decision making and automated control. Whilst the interest in applying DT is growing, the definition of DT is unclear, neither is there a clear pathway to develop DT to fully realise its capacities. In this paper, we revise the concept of DT and its categorisation. We propose a DT maturity matrix, based on which we propose a model-based DT development methodology. We also discuss how model-based tools can be used to support the methodology and present our own supporting tool. We report our preliminary findings with a discussion on a case study, in which we use our proposed methodology and our supporting tool to develop an extensible DT platform for the assurance of Electrical and Electronics systems of space launch vehicles.

翻译：数字孪生（DT）的概念正日益应用于不同领域、不同抽象层次的系统中，以支持监控、分析、诊断、决策和自动控制。尽管应用数字孪生的兴趣日益增长，但数字孪生的定义尚不明确，也没有明确的路径来开发数字孪生以充分发挥其能力。在本文中，我们重新审视了数字孪生的概念及其分类。我们提出了一个数字孪生成熟度矩阵，并在此基础上提出了一种基于模型的数字孪生开发方法。我们还讨论了如何利用基于模型的工具来支持该方法，并介绍了我们自己的支持工具。我们报告了初步研究结果，并结合一个案例研究进行了讨论。在该案例中，我们使用我们提出的方法和支持工具，为航天运载火箭电气与电子系统的保障开发了一个可扩展的数字孪生平台。