The proliferation of car sharing services in recent years presents a promising avenue for advancing sustainable transportation. Beyond merely reducing car ownership rates, these systems can play a pivotal role in bolstering grid stability through the provision of ancillary services via vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies - a facet that has received limited attention in previous research. In this study, we analyze the potential of V2G in car sharing by designing future scenarios for a national-scale service in Switzerland. We propose an agent-based simulation pipeline that considers population changes as well as different business strategies of the car sharing service, and we demonstrate its successful application for simulating scenarios for 2030. To imitate car sharing user behavior, we develop a data-driven mode choice model. Our analysis reveals important differences in the examined scenarios, such as higher vehicle utilization rates for a reduced fleet size as well as in a scenario featuring new car sharing stations. These disparities translate into variations in the power flexibility of the fleet available for ancillary services, ranging from 12 to 50 MW, depending on the scenario and the time of the day. Furthermore, we conduct a case study involving a subset of the car sharing fleet, incorporating real-world electricity pricing data. The case study substantiates the existence of a sweet spot involving monetary gains for both power grid operators and fleet owners. Our findings provide guidelines to decision makers and underscore the pressing need for regulatory enhancements concerning power trading within the realm of car sharing.

翻译：近年来，车辆共享服务的普及为推进可持续交通提供了前景广阔的途径。这些系统不仅能够降低汽车保有率，更可通过车联网（V2G）技术提供辅助服务，从而在增强电网稳定性方面发挥关键作用——这一维度在既往研究中尚未获得充分关注。本研究通过设计瑞士全国范围服务的未来场景，分析了V2G在车辆共享领域的应用潜力。我们提出了一种基于智能体的仿真流程，该流程综合考虑人口变化及车辆共享服务的不同商业策略，并成功应用于2030年场景的仿真建模。为模拟车辆共享用户行为，我们开发了数据驱动的出行方式选择模型。分析结果显示，不同场景间存在显著差异：在缩减车队规模的场景中，以及新建共享车站的场景中，车辆使用率均呈现上升态势。这些差异直接转化为可用于辅助服务的车队功率灵活性变化，其波动范围达12至50兆瓦，具体数值取决于场景配置与时段分布。此外，我们选取部分共享车队开展案例研究，结合真实电价数据进行深入分析。该案例证实了电网运营商与车队所有者实现双赢盈利的最优平衡点确实存在。本研究为决策者提供了实践指引，并凸显了在车辆共享领域完善电力交易监管体系的迫切需求。