Layer 2 rollups improve throughput and fees, but can reintroduce risk through operator discretion and information asymmetry. We ask which operator and governance designs produce ethically problematic user risk. We adapt Ethical Risk Analysis to rollup architectures, build a role-based taxonomy of decision authority and exposure, and pair the framework with two empirical signals, a cross sectional snapshot of 129 projects from L2BEAT and a hand curated incident set covering 2022 to 2025. We analyze mechanisms that affect risks to users funds, including upgrade timing and exit windows, proposer liveness and whitelisting, forced inclusion usability, and data availability choices. We find that ethical hazards rooted in L2 components control arrangements are widespread: instant upgrades without exit windows appear in about 86 percent of projects, and proposer controls that can freeze withdrawals in about 50 percent. Reported incidents concentrate in sequencer liveness and inclusion, consistent with these dependencies. We translate these findings into ethically grounded suggestions on mitigation strategies including technical components and governance mechanisms.

翻译：Layer 2 Rollups提升了吞吐量并降低了费用，但可能通过运营者自由裁量权和信息不对称重新引入风险。我们探讨哪些运营者与治理设计会导致伦理上有问题的用户风险。我们将伦理风险分析方法应用于Rollup架构，构建了基于角色的决策权与风险暴露分类体系，并将该框架与两项实证信号相结合：一是来自L2BEAT的129个项目的横截面快照，二是手工整理的2022年至2025年事件数据集。我们分析了影响用户资金风险的机制，包括升级时机与退出窗口、提议者活跃度与白名单机制、强制包含功能的可用性以及数据可用性选择。研究发现，根植于L2组件控制安排的伦理风险普遍存在：约86%的项目存在无退出窗口的即时升级机制，约50%的项目存在可能冻结提款的提议者控制机制。已报告的事件主要集中在序列器活跃度与交易包含问题上，这与上述风险依赖关系一致。我们将这些发现转化为基于伦理的缓解策略建议，涵盖技术组件与治理机制。