With the increased adaption of blockchain technologies, permissioned blockchains such as Hyperledger Fabric provide a robust ecosystem for developing production-grade decentralized applications. However, the additional latency between executing and committing transactions, due to Fabric's three-phase transaction lifecycle of Execute-Order-Validate (EOV), is a potential scalability bottleneck. The added latency increases the probability of concurrent updates on the same keys by different transactions, leading to transaction failures caused by Fabric's concurrency control mechanism. The transaction failures increase the application development complexity and decrease Fabric's throughput. Conflict-free Replicated Datatypes (CRDTs) provide a solution for merging and resolving conflicts in the presence of concurrent updates. In this work, we introduce FabricCRDT, an approach for integrating CRDTs to Fabric. Our evaluations show that in general, FabricCRDT offers higher throughput of successful transactions than Fabric, while successfully committing and merging all conflicting transactions without any failures.

翻译：随着区块链技术的广泛应用，Hyperledger Fabric等许可区块链为开发生产级去中心化应用提供了稳健的生态系统。然而，Fabric的三阶段交易生命周期——执行-排序-验证（EOV）——带来的交易执行与提交之间的额外延迟，构成了潜在的可扩展性瓶颈。这一额外延迟增加了不同交易对相同键进行并发更新的概率，进而因Fabric的并发控制机制导致交易失败。此类交易失败既增加了应用开发复杂性，又降低了Fabric的吞吐量。无冲突复制数据类型（CRDTs）提供了一种在并发更新场景下合并与解决冲突的解决方案。本研究提出了FabricCRDT，一种将CRDTs集成至Fabric的方法。评估结果表明，总体而言，FabricCRDT相比Fabric提供了更高的成功交易吞吐量，且能够无失败地成功提交与合并所有冲突交易。