Understanding how educational social dynamics evolve is critical for informing effective educational policies and counterfactual interventions. However, traditional methods face a fundamental dilemma: observational studies often lack causal power, while controlled experiments are frequently constrained by ethical concerns. Although LLM-based multi-agent simulations offer a scalable in silico alternative, existing approaches remain limited by weak psychological grounding and insufficient measurement of latent psychological states. To address this, we introduce EduMirror, a multi-agent simulator for the scientific study of educational social dynamics. We provide configurable education-oriented agent forms, including value-driven agents grounded in psychological needs and social value orientation, together with a dual-track measurement protocol for quantifying observable behaviors and latent psychological states. We validate the realism and usability of EduMirror through case studies on school bullying and group cooperation, as well as broader evaluations across diverse educational scenarios. The results show that EduMirror generates educational social dynamics that are realistic, theory-consistent, and measurable by empirical criteria. These properties enable structured in silico educational research, providing a computational tool for hypothesis testing and counterfactual intervention analysis in educational science. Project page: https://edumirror.net.

翻译：理解教育社会动力学如何演化，对于制定有效的教育政策及进行反事实干预至关重要。然而，传统方法面临根本性困境：观察性研究缺乏因果效力，而受控实验又常受伦理因素制约。尽管基于大语言模型的多智能体模拟提供了一种可扩展的计算机模拟替代方案，但现有方法仍受限于薄弱的心理基础和对潜在心理状态的测量不足。为此，我们提出EduMirror——一个用于科学化研究教育社会动力学的多智能体模拟器。我们提供了可配置的教育导向智能体形式，包括基于心理需求与社会价值取向的价值驱动智能体，以及一个用于量化可观察行为与潜在心理状态的双轨测量协议。通过校园欺凌与小组合作案例研究，以及在多样化教育场景下的广泛评估，我们验证了EduMirror的真实性与可用性。结果表明，EduMirror能够生成符合现实、与理论一致且可通过实证标准测量的教育社会动力学。这些特性使得结构化计算机模拟教育研究成为可能，为教育科学中的假设检验与反事实干预分析提供了计算工具。项目主页：https://edumirror.net。