Advancements in large language models (LLMs) are poised to spark a proliferation of LLM-powered user experiences. In product teams, designers are often tasked with crafting user experiences that align with user needs. To involve designers and leverage their user-centered perspectives to create effective and responsible LLM-powered products, we introduce the practice of designerly adaptation for engaging with LLMs as an adaptable design material. We first identify key characteristics of designerly adaptation through a formative study with designers experienced in designing for LLM-powered products (N=12). These characteristics are 1) have a low technical barrier to entry, 2) leverage designers' unique perspectives bridging users and technology, and 3) encourage model tinkering. Based on this characterization, we build Canvil, a Figma widget that operationalizes designerly adaptation. Canvil supports structured authoring of system prompts to adapt LLM behavior, testing of adapted models on diverse user inputs, and integration of model outputs into interface designs. We use Canvil as a technology probe in a group-based design study (6 groups, N=17) to investigate the implications of integrating designerly adaptation into design workflows. We find that designers are able to iteratively tinker with different adaptation approaches and reason about interface affordances to enhance end-user interaction with LLMs. Furthermore, designers identified promising collaborative workflows for designerly adaptation. Our work opens new avenues for collaborative processes and tools that foreground designers' user-centered expertise in the crafting and deployment of LLM-powered user experiences.

翻译：摘要：大语言模型（LLMs）的进步有望催生大量由LLM驱动的用户体验应用。在产品团队中，设计师常负责设计符合用户需求的用户体验。为使设计师参与其中并发挥其以用户为中心的视角，从而创建有效且负责任的LLM驱动产品，我们引入了"设计性适配"这一实践方法，将LLM视为可适配的设计材料。首先，通过一项面向具有LLM驱动产品设计经验的设计师（N=12）的形成性研究，我们识别出设计性适配的核心特征：1）低技术门槛，2）利用设计师连接用户与技术的独特视角，3）鼓励模型调适。基于此特征化描述，我们构建了Canvil——一个实现设计性适配的Figma插件。Canvil支持对系统提示词进行结构化编写以调整LLM行为，在多样化用户输入下测试适配模型，并将模型输出集成到界面设计中。我们将Canvil作为技术探针，在分组设计研究（6组，N=17）中探索将设计性适配融入设计工作流的影响。研究发现，设计师能够迭代尝试不同适配方法，并推理界面设计特性以增强终端用户与LLM的交互。此外，设计师还识别出具有前景的协作工作流。本研究为突出设计师在创建与部署LLM驱动用户体验过程中以用户为中心专业技能的协作流程与工具开辟了新途径。