Aspectual meaning refers to how the internal temporal structure of situations is presented. This includes whether a situation is described as a state or as an event, whether the situation is finished or ongoing, and whether it is viewed as a whole or with a focus on a particular phase. This survey gives an overview of computational approaches to modeling lexical and grammatical aspect along with intuitive explanations of the necessary linguistic concepts and terminology. In particular, we describe the concepts of stativity, telicity, habituality, perfective and imperfective, as well as influential inventories of eventuality and situation types. We argue that because aspect is a crucial component of semantics, especially when it comes to reporting the temporal structure of situations in a precise way, future NLP approaches need to be able to handle and evaluate it systematically in order to achieve human-level language understanding.

翻译：体意义指情境内部时间结构的呈现方式，包括情境被描述为状态还是事件、该情境是否已完成或持续进行、以及它是作为整体被观察还是聚焦于特定阶段。本综述概述了词汇体与语法体建模的计算方法，并对必要的语言学概念与术语提供了直观阐释。具体而言，我们描述了静态性、有界性、惯常性、完成体与未完成体等概念，以及具有影响力的事件性与情境类型分类体系。我们主张，由于体是语义学的关键组成部分——尤其是在精确报告情境时间结构时——未来自然语言处理方法必须能够系统性地处理并评估体，方能实现人类水平的语言理解。