As one of the most enduring metaphors within legal discourse, the marketplace of ideas has wielded considerable influence over the jurisprudential landscape for decades. A century after the inception of this theory, ChatGPT emerged as a revolutionary technological advancement in the twenty-first century. This research finds that ChatGPT effectively manifests the marketplace metaphor. It not only instantiates the promises envisaged by generations of legal scholars but also lays bare the perils discerned through sustained academic critique. Specifically, the workings of ChatGPT and the marketplace of ideas theory exhibit at least four common features: arena, means, objectives, and flaws. These shared attributes are sufficient to render ChatGPT historically the most qualified engine for actualizing the marketplace of ideas theory. The comparison of the marketplace theory and ChatGPT merely marks a starting point. A more meaningful undertaking entails reevaluating and reframing both internal and external AI policies by referring to the accumulated experience, insights, and suggestions researchers have raised to fix the marketplace theory. Here, a pivotal issue is: should truth-seeking be set as the goal of AI content governance? Given the unattainability of the absolute truth-seeking goal, I argue against adopting zero-risk policies. Instead, a more judicious approach would be to embrace a knowledge-based alternative wherein large language models (LLMs) are trained to generate competing and divergent viewpoints based on sufficient justifications. This research also argues that so-called AI content risks are not created by AI companies but are inherent in the entire information ecosystem. Thus, the burden of managing these risks should be distributed among different social actors, rather than being solely shouldered by chatbot companies.

翻译：作为法学话语中最经久不衰的隐喻之一，"思想市场"理论数十年来对法理学领域产生了深远影响。在该理论提出一个世纪后，ChatGPT作为二十一世纪革命性的技术进步应运而生。本研究发现，ChatGPT有效地体现了思想市场隐喻。它不仅实现了历代法学家所设想的理论承诺，也暴露了持续学术批判中所识别的潜在风险。具体而言，ChatGPT的运作机制与思想市场理论至少呈现出四个共同特征：场域、手段、目标与缺陷。这些共享属性足以使ChatGPT成为历史上实现思想市场理论最合格的引擎。思想市场理论与ChatGPT的比较仅是一个起点。更具意义的探索在于，借鉴研究者为修正思想市场理论所积累的经验、见解与建议，重新评估并构建人工智能的内外部政策体系。其中核心议题在于：是否应将追求真理设定为人工智能内容治理的目标？鉴于绝对真理追求目标的不可实现性，本文反对采纳零风险政策。更为审慎的路径是采用基于知识的替代方案，即通过训练大语言模型（LLMs）使其能够基于充分论证生成相互竞争且多元的观点。本研究同时论证，所谓的人工智能内容风险并非由人工智能公司创造，而是内生于整个信息生态系统。因此，风险管理责任应当由不同的社会行动者共同承担，而非仅由聊天机器人公司独立担负。