For various reasons including those related to climate changes, {\em energy} has become a critical concern in all relevant activities and technical designs. For the specific case of computer activities, the problem is exacerbated with the emergence and pervasiveness of the so called {\em intelligent devices}. From the application side, we point out the special topic of {\em Artificial Intelligence}, who clearly needs an efficient computing support in order to succeed in its purpose of being a {\em ubiquitous assistant}. There are mainly two contexts where {\em energy} is one of the top priority concerns: {\em embedded computing} and {\em supercomputing}. For the former, power consumption is critical because the amount of energy that is available for the devices is limited. For the latter, the heat dissipated is a serious source of failure and the financial cost related to energy is likely to be a significant part of the maintenance budget. On a single computer, the problem is commonly considered through the electrical power consumption. This paper, written in the form of a survey, we depict the landscape of energy concerns in computer activities, both from the hardware and the software standpoints.

翻译：由于气候变化等多方面原因，能源已成为所有相关活动和技术设计中的关键关注点。在计算机活动的具体场景中，这一问题因所谓的"智能设备"的涌现和普及而愈发严峻。从应用层面来看，我们特别指出《人工智能》这一专题领域，其作为《泛在助手》的目标显然需要高效计算支撑方能实现。《能源》作为最优先事项主要出现在两个场景中：《嵌入式计算》与《超级计算》。前者中，功耗是关键因素，因为设备可用能源有限；后者中，散热是严重的故障源，且能源相关财务成本往往占维护预算的显著份额。就单台计算机而言，该问题通常通过电力能耗来考量。本文以综述形式撰写，从硬件与软件双重视角描绘了计算机活动中的能源问题全景。