Storage scalability is paramount in the era of big data blockchain. A storage-scalable blockchain can effectively scale out state storage to an arbitrary number of nodes and reduce the storage pressure on each, similar to distributed databases. Prior research has extensively utilized sharding techniques to attain storage scalability; however, these approaches invariably compromise safety and liveness guarantees. In this work, we propose a novel state-execution decoupled architecture, and Supermassive Blockchain, a novel storage-scalable Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) protocol that can sustain the deterministic security properties of conventional BFT protocols. The state management system employs erasure coding to ensure state availability with scalable storage consumption, while the global consensus and execution layers maintain robust security characteristics. Our evaluation indicates that Supermassive Blockchain achieves better storage scalability compared to prior approaches while incurring low network overhead.

翻译：存储可扩展性在大数据区块链时代至关重要。具有存储可扩展性的区块链能够将状态存储有效扩展至任意数量的节点，并降低各节点的存储压力，这与分布式数据库类似。先前的研究广泛利用分片技术来实现存储可扩展性，但这些方法不可避免地会损害安全性和活跃性保证。在本工作中，我们提出了一种新颖的状态-执行解耦架构，以及超大质量区块链——一种全新的、具备存储可扩展性的拜占庭容错（BFT）协议，该协议能够维持传统BFT协议确定性安全属性。状态管理系统采用纠删码来确保状态可用性，同时实现可扩展的存储消耗，而全局共识与执行层则保持了稳健的安全特性。我们的评估表明，与先前方法相比，超大质量区块链在实现更优存储可扩展性的同时，仅引入了较低的网络开销。