The recent advances in quantum information processing, sensing and communications are surveyed with the objective of identifying the associated knowledge gaps and formulating a roadmap for their future evolution. Since the operation of quantum systems is prone to the deleterious effects of decoherence, which manifests itself in terms of bit-flips, phase-flips or both, the pivotal subject of quantum error mitigation is reviewed both in the presence and absence of quantum coding. The state-of-the-art, knowledge gaps and future evolution of quantum machine learning are also discussed, followed by a discourse on quantum radar systems and briefly hypothesizing about the feasibility of integrated sensing and communications in the quantum domain. Finally, we conclude with a set of promising future research ideas in the field of ultimately secure quantum communications with the objective of harnessing ideas from the classical communications field.

翻译：本文综述了量子信息处理、传感与通信领域的最新进展，旨在识别相关知识缺口并规划其未来发展路线。由于量子系统的运行易受退相干有害效应的影响，表现为比特翻转、相位翻转或两者兼有，本文重点回顾了采用量子编码与未采用量子编码情况下的量子误差缓解技术。同时探讨了量子机器学习的研究现状、知识缺口及未来演进方向，继而论述了量子雷达系统，并简要探讨了量子域中集成传感与通信的可行性。最后，我们以一系列极具前景的未来研究方向作为总结，这些方向聚焦于最终安全的量子通信领域，旨在借鉴经典通信领域的思想理念。