We propose a hierarchical local electricity market (LEM) at the primary and secondary feeder levels in a distribution grid, to optimally coordinate and schedule distributed energy resources (DER) and provide valuable grid services like voltage control. At the primary level, we use a current injection-based model that is valid for both radial and meshed, balanced and unbalanced, multi-phase systems. The primary and secondary markets leverage the flexibility offered by DERs to optimize grid operation and maximize social welfare. Numerical simulations on an IEEE-123 bus modified to include DERs, show that the LEM successfully achieves voltage control and reduces overall network costs, while also allowing us to decompose the price and value associated with different grid services so as to accurately compensate DERs.

翻译：我们提出一种在配电网一次和二次馈线层级的分层本地电力市场，用于优化协调和调度分布式能源资源，并提供电压控制等有价值的电网服务。在一次层级，我们采用基于电流注入的模型，该模型适用于放射状和网状、平衡和不平衡的多相系统。一次和二次市场利用分布式能源资源的灵活性来优化电网运行并最大化社会福利。在修改后包含分布式能源资源的IEEE-123总线系统上进行的数值仿真表明，该本地电力市场成功实现了电压控制并降低了整体网络成本，同时还能分解不同电网服务对应的价格与价值，从而准确补偿分布式能源资源。