Networked Control Systems (NCSs) are integral in critical infrastructures such as power grids, transportation networks, and production systems. Ensuring the resilient operation of these large-scale NCSs against cyber-attacks is crucial for societal well-being. Over the past two decades, extensive research has been focused on developing metrics to quantify the vulnerabilities of NCSs against attacks. Once the vulnerabilities are quantified, mitigation strategies can be employed to enhance system resilience. This article provides a comprehensive overview of methods developed for assessing NCS vulnerabilities and the corresponding mitigation strategies. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of probabilistic risk metrics to model vulnerabilities under adversaries with imperfect process knowledge. The article concludes by outlining promising directions for future research.

翻译：网络化控制系统（NCSs）是电网、交通网络和生产系统等关键基础设施的核心组成部分。确保这些大规模NCS在遭受网络攻击时仍能保持弹性运行，对社会福祉至关重要。过去二十年间，大量研究致力于开发量化NCS受攻击脆弱性的度量指标。一旦脆弱性被量化，便可采用缓解策略来增强系统弹性。本文全面综述了评估NCS脆弱性的方法及相应的缓解策略。此外，我们强调了采用概率风险度量来建模攻击者过程知识不完善情境下系统脆弱性的重要性。文章最后展望了未来研究的潜在方向。