LiDAR is a core sensor for autonomous driving, yet it is highly vulnerable to fog. Fog scattering produces strong backscatter near the sensor and attenuates reflections from objects behind it, so weak object returns are often discarded by the peak detection that converts received signals into point clouds. Full-waveform LiDAR (FWL), which records the received optical signal before peak detection, retains these weak returns, but the lack of suitable data has prevented research on recovering fog-hidden objects from FWL. We present Fog-FWL, a dataset foundation for this task that consists of a real-world benchmark, Fog-FWL-Real, and a large-scale synthetic training set, Fog-FWL-Sim. Fog-FWL-Real contains 7,527 real foggy FWL frames from 8 scenes and 58 sequences, which is 579x larger than the only existing real foggy FWL data, together with histogram-level Object/Fog/Noise labels, 10,719 3D bounding boxes, and three difficulty levels defined by the attenuation of object reflections. Fog-FWL-Sim contains 12,000 frames generated by our physics-based simulator, Fog-FWL-Simulator, which integrates spatially heterogeneous fog density fields, time-resolved light transport including multiple scattering, and a photon-counting SPAD receiver model. The two subsets share the same sensor format and annotation protocol, enabling a strict sim-to-real evaluation in which no real waveforms are used for training. Our analysis shows that, under the hardest condition, object returns are included in the three strongest peaks for only 34.9% of object rays, underscoring the need for waveform-level recovery. Fog-FWL-Real, Fog-FWL-Sim, and the Fog-FWL-Simulator will be publicly released to facilitate research on fog-robust LiDAR perception.

翻译：暂无翻译